Life and Relationships

What Does the Bible Say About Capital Punishment?

The Old Testament permitted capital punishment for certain serious crimes under Israel's civil law, while the New Testament emphasizes government's God-given authority to administer justice, though Christians hold differing views today on how these principles apply.

Published 2026-09-13 · Updated 2026-09-27

Written and reviewed by the Word Oasis Editorial Team. Read our editorial policy.

0 views
Law

Biblical explanation

Old Testament civil law prescribed capital punishment for specific offenses within the covenant nation of Israel (; ), reflecting the seriousness with which God views the taking of innocent life. Paul teaches that governing authorities do not “bear the sword in vain,” describing government as God's instrument to execute wrath upon wrongdoers (), acknowledging a legitimate governmental role in maintaining justice. At the same time, Jesus's mercy toward the woman caught in adultery, refusing to condemn her while calling her to repentance (), shows a consistent emphasis on grace and restoration alongside justice. Christians today hold a range of views on the application of capital punishment within modern civil government, generally agreeing that any such questions deserve careful, prayerful, and humble consideration.

In brief

Old Testament civil law prescribed capital punishment for specific offenses within the covenant nation of Israel (; ), reflecting the seriousness with which God views the taking of innocent life.

Bible references

Go deeper into this topic Are the Ten Commandments Still Important? Start the study

Editorial note

This answer is written and reviewed by the Word Oasis Editorial Team, and is presented with supporting references so you can examine each passage in context. If you notice an error or unclear statement, please suggest a correction.